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Emacs
Emacs has been around as long as Vi (both were first created in 1976). Emacs was originally created by Richard Stallman, who is best known for founding the Free Software Foundation and the GNU project and is considered by many to be the father of the open source or free software movement. Stallman describes free software as “being a matter of liberty and not price.” GNU Emacs is currently the best-known and most widely distributed version of Emacs. The following table provides a summary for the Emacs editor.
Emacs is distributed as a gzipped tar archive. This is a common format on Linux machines but it is less common on Windows platforms. The files can be recognized by a .tar.gz or .tgz file extension. The shareware package WinZip recognizes and extracts gzipped tar archives. WinZip prompts you and asks if you want to create a temporary file as it opens the archive. Respond with “yes,” and WinZip will decompress the archive and allow you to browse through the resulting .tar file as if it were a .zip file.
The files can also be extracted under Windows if you are using Cygwin. Cygwin is an open source Windows port of many of the tools that are available to Linux users. First, copy the emacs*.tar.gz file to the directory that you want to extract the files into, and then use the following commands to extract the software using Cygwin utilities:
gunzip emacs-21.2-fullbin-i386.tar.gz
tar xvf emacs-21.2-fullbin-i386.tar
The first command decompresses the file, leaving a tar archive. The second command extracts the tar archive. Note that the filenames may change and that you should use the filenames for the distribution that you downloaded. After the files have been extracted, navigate to the bin directory below the directory where the files were installed. In the bin directory is a program called addpm.exe. Running this program adds a GNU Emacs shortcut to the Windows Start menu. You can start Emacs either by selecting Emacs from the Start menu or by double-clicking on runemacs.exe (also found in the bin directory). Figure 4.2 shows Emacs running in Windows. Emacs comes with a complete tutorial and reference manual built in and uses its own hypertext language called info for documentation.
